所謂基本素養，是指翻譯者必須具備的基本條件，即翻譯公司對翻譯者的基本要求。除了應該具有高尚的“譯德譯風(fēng)”和嚴肅認真、一絲不茍的科學(xué)態(tài)度之外，譯者必須具備三方面的素養，即一定的英語(yǔ)水平、較高的漢語(yǔ)修養和豐富的學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)知識。大量的翻譯實(shí)踐表明，這三方面的素養越高，越能順利地完成翻譯工作。關(guān)于英語(yǔ)水平，應注意打牢基礎，擴大詞匯量，廣泛閱讀，最好能聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯五方面訓練同時(shí)并進(jìn)，較之單攻翻譯能更快提高英語(yǔ)水平。在漢語(yǔ)修養方面，應加強語(yǔ)法、邏輯、修辭等方面知識的研修，多閱讀、多寫(xiě)作、多練習修改文章。在學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)知識方面，要努力精通本職業(yè)務(wù)，多了解相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識;經(jīng)常閱覽國內、外護理專(zhuān)業(yè)期刊，掌握學(xué)科發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)。
The so-called basic literacy refers to the basic conditions that translators must have, that is, the basic requirements of translation companies for translators. In addition to having a noble "German translation style" and a serious and meticulous scientific attitude, the translator must have three qualities, namely, a certain level of English, high Chinese cultivation and rich professional knowledge. A large number of translation practice shows that the higher the literacy of these three aspects, the more successful the translation can be. As for English level, we should pay attention to laying a solid foundation, expanding vocabulary and reading widely. It is best to train in five aspects of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation at the same time, which can improve English level faster than single attack translation. In Chinese cultivation, we should strengthen the study of grammar, logic, rhetoric and other knowledge, read more, write more, practice more and modify articles. In terms of discipline and professional knowledge, we should strive to be proficient in our own business and understand more relevant professional knowledge; Regularly read domestic and foreign nursing journals to master the development trend of the discipline.
翻譯是一項創(chuàng )造性的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)，具有很強的實(shí)踐性。不通過(guò)大量的實(shí)踐而要提高翻譯能力，無(wú)異于想學(xué)游泳卻又不下水一樣。當然，實(shí)踐也要講究科學(xué)性。初學(xué)者若無(wú)行家的指點(diǎn)，最好是先找一些難度切合自己水平且有漢語(yǔ)譯文的材料進(jìn)行翻譯練習。自己的譯文寫(xiě)成后同人家的譯文相對照。先看看自己在理解方面是否準確，其次看看自己的表達是否符合漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習慣，從中找到不足。隨著(zhù)水平的提高，可找些比較簡(jiǎn)單的本專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎知識方面的文章進(jìn)行翻譯，以后逐步過(guò)渡到英文護理文獻的翻譯。堅持循序漸進(jìn)多翻譯多投稿，定會(huì )碩果累累。在時(shí)間允許的情況下，最好能堅持每天都多少搞點(diǎn)翻譯。隨著(zhù)時(shí)間的推移，一定會(huì )大有長(cháng)進(jìn)。
Translation is a creative language activity with strong practicality. To improve translation ability without a lot of practice is like learning to swim without getting into the water. Of course, practice should also pay attention to scientificity. If beginners do not have expert advice, it is best to find some materials with difficulty suitable for their own level and Chinese translation for translation practice. When one's own translation is written, it is compared with the translation of others. First look at whether you are accurate in understanding, and then look at whether your expression is in line with Chinese language habits, so as to find deficiencies. With the improvement of the level, you can find some relatively simple articles on the basic knowledge of the specialty for translation, and then gradually transition to the translation of English nursing literature. Adhering to step-by-step and more translations and contributions will be fruitful. If time permits, it's best to do some translation every day. With the passage of time, we will make great progress.
初學(xué)翻譯的同志一方面可多讀些英漢對照類(lèi)閱讀材料或有漢語(yǔ)注釋的英語(yǔ)讀物;另一方面還可根據譯文類(lèi)雜志上提供的某篇譯文的原文出處去查找到相應的原文，繼而進(jìn)行對照閱讀。通過(guò)對比分析，可以找出自己的差距，學(xué)習和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻譯表達等方面的長(cháng)處，促進(jìn)翻譯能力的提高。如果是自己選材進(jìn)行翻譯，當遇到問(wèn)題難以解決時(shí)，要虛心向他人求教。另外經(jīng)常閱讀一些有關(guān)翻譯技巧的書(shū)籍，也有助于翻譯能力的提高。與此同時(shí)，還要有敢于創(chuàng )新的精神。在翻譯過(guò)程中，既不能拘泥于別人提供的譯文，也不能受囿于以往形成的條條框框。隨著(zhù)翻譯能力的不斷提高，可以根據翻譯標準的要求去創(chuàng )造新的表現手法，進(jìn)一步完善翻譯工作。
On the one hand, beginners of translation can read more English-Chinese comparative reading materials or English reading materials with Chinese notes; On the other hand, you can also find the corresponding original text according to the source of the original text of a translation provided by translation magazines, and then read it in comparison. Through comparative analysis, we can find out our own gap, learn and absorb the strengths of others in understanding the spirit of the original text and translation expression, and promote the improvement of translation ability. If you choose your own material for translation, when you encounter problems that are difficult to solve, you should ask others for advice with an open mind. In addition, reading some books about translation skills often also helps to improve translation ability. At the same time, we should also have the spirit of daring to innovate. In the process of translation, we can neither stick to the translation provided by others, nor be bound by the rules formed in the past. With the continuous improvement of translation ability, we can create new means of expression according to the requirements of translation standards and further improve the translation work.
