口譯是現場(chǎng)進(jìn)行翻譯的，需要口譯人員臨危不亂的心態(tài)并且掌握大量的詞匯和技巧，上海臻云翻譯公司帶大家了解現場(chǎng)口譯需要掌握什么技巧?
Interpretation is carried out on site, which requires interpreters to keep calm in the face of danger and master a large number of vocabulary and skills. Shanghai Zhenyun translation company will show you what skills need to be mastered in on-site interpretation?
1、沒(méi)聽(tīng)清、聽(tīng)漏了或者沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂
1. Missed, missed, or incomprehensible
由于口譯現場(chǎng)環(huán)境、講話(huà)人語(yǔ)速、語(yǔ)音等因素，或者是由于譯者在譯前準備上有所疏漏、在現場(chǎng)一時(shí)疲憊分神的原因，就會(huì )出現這樣的情況了。首先，你要分清楚這部分的內容是否足夠重要、是否會(huì )影響對其他部分內容的理解，如果是次要內容，并不影響大局，可以省略不譯或著(zhù)直接采取模糊處理的辦法。
This situation will occur due to the on-site environment, speaker's speed, pronunciation and other factors, or due to the translator's negligence in pre translation preparation and temporary fatigue and distraction on the site. First of all, you should make clear whether the content of this part is important enough and whether it will affect the understanding of other parts. If it is a secondary content and does not affect the overall situation, you can omit the translation or directly adopt the method of fuzzy treatment.
如果是關(guān)乎全文的關(guān)鍵性的內容，就必須要認真對待了，這時(shí)候你就需要一些口譯技巧來(lái)幫忙了。在相對寬松的環(huán)境下，如果方便得體，最好立刻詢(xún)問(wèn)講話(huà)人，或者請教現場(chǎng)的相關(guān)專(zhuān)家，不能硬著(zhù)頭皮往下進(jìn)行翻譯，造成誤解，會(huì )影響會(huì )談和交流;如果是非常正式的場(chǎng)合或者大會(huì )發(fā)言，只能先用比較中性或模糊的話(huà)過(guò)渡，然后集中注意力，恃機調整補救。
If it is the key content of the full text, it must be taken seriously. At this time, you need some interpretation skills to help. In a relatively relaxed environment, if it is convenient and appropriate, it is best to ask the speaker immediately or consult relevant experts on the scene. You can't translate hard, causing misunderstanding and affecting the talks and exchanges; If it is a very formal occasion or speech at the general assembly, you can only use neutral or vague words for the transition first, and then focus on the opportunity to adjust and remedy.
2、錯譯
2. Mistranslation
最優(yōu)秀的譯員在現場(chǎng)口譯中也難免出錯。認識到自己譯錯了以后，不要驚慌，也不要說(shuō)“對不起，我譯錯了”或者I’m sorry. I made a mistake. 這樣不僅會(huì )讓聽(tīng)眾產(chǎn)生理解混亂，還會(huì )損害譯員和譯文的可信度。好的口譯技巧可以幫你順利通過(guò)難關(guān)。這時(shí)的你可以重譯，并且對正確的譯文采取重音重復的辦法，就象平時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)要強調某事一樣?；蛘咭越忉尩恼Z(yǔ)氣和方式，用I mean, … 或“就是說(shuō)”、“確切地說(shuō)”引出正確的譯文。
The best interpreters will inevitably make mistakes in on-site interpretation. When you realize that your translation is wrong, don't panic, and don't say "I'm sorry. I made a mistake" or I'm sorry. I made a mistake. This will not only confuse the audience, but also damage the credibility of the interpreter and the translation. Good interpretation skills can help you through the difficulties. At this time, you can retranslate and adopt the method of stress repetition for the correct translation, just as you should emphasize something in your usual speech. Or use I mean,... Or "that is to say", "to be exact" to lead to the correct translation in the tone and way of explanation.
3、不會(huì )譯
3. Can't translate
不會(huì )譯是由于兩種原因造成的，它的口譯技巧也有兩種。一是沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，此時(shí)可以按本文的第一種情況處理;二是聽(tīng)懂了，卻一時(shí)找不到恰當的表達，此時(shí)可先直譯，再按自己的理解進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)m然譯文難免生澀，原文韻味喪失殆盡，但不會(huì )造成誤解，也不會(huì )影響交流的進(jìn)程?？谧g中遇到習語(yǔ)、典故、詩(shī)詞、幽默或專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有充分的準備或事前不了解講話(huà)內容，一時(shí)就很難在目標語(yǔ)言中找到對應的表達。此時(shí)要力爭譯出原文的大意，傳達出講話(huà)人的主旨，并且使交流順利地進(jìn)行下去，哪怕譯文欠妥也無(wú)傷大雅。譯專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，如果拿不準，還可以在譯文后重復原文，聽(tīng)眾中的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士很可能立刻就清楚了。
There are two reasons for not being able to translate, and there are also two kinds of interpretation skills. First, I don't understand. At this time, I can deal with it according to the first situation of this article; Second, if you understand it, but you can't find an appropriate expression for the moment. At this time, you can translate it directly and then explain it according to your own understanding. Although the translation is inevitably raw and the charm of the original text is lost, it will not cause misunderstanding or affect the process of communication. When idioms, allusions, poems, humor or proper nouns are encountered in interpretation, it is difficult to find corresponding expressions in the target language if they are not fully prepared or do not understand the speech content in advance. At this time, we should strive to translate the main idea of the original text, convey the keynote of the speaker, and make the communication go on smoothly, even if the translation is inappropriate. When translating proper nouns, if you are not sure, you can also repeat the original text after the translation, which is likely to be clear to the professionals in the audience immediately.
4、講話(huà)人說(shuō)錯
4. The speaker is wrong
口譯中也可能遇到講話(huà)人說(shuō)錯的情況，好的口譯技巧可以讓你避免尷尬。如果有違事實(shí)、史實(shí)或常識的錯誤，或者是講話(huà)人口誤，譯員意識到了這個(gè)錯誤，并且能改正，應該在譯文中予以糾正。如果譯員懷疑講話(huà)人說(shuō)錯，卻又不能肯定，在方便的情況下，應向講話(huà)人確認;在大型會(huì )議場(chǎng)合中，應按原文翻譯。
There may also be mistakes in interpretation. Good interpretation skills can help you avoid embarrassment. If there is an error contrary to facts, historical facts or common sense, or a speech error, the interpreter is aware of the error and can correct it, and should correct it in the translation. If the interpreter suspects that the speaker is wrong but is not sure, he should confirm with the speaker at his convenience; In large-scale meetings, the translation should be based on the original text.
5、講話(huà)人邏輯混亂
5. The speaker's logic is confused
口譯常常譯的是即席講話(huà)或發(fā)言，而人們在即席口頭表達中，由于思維和語(yǔ)言水平的限制，經(jīng)常會(huì )出現不必要的重復、拖沓、語(yǔ)言模糊，或者斷句、層次不清、邏輯關(guān)系混亂等現象，這給譯員造成了很大困難，譯員要有想到精妙的口譯技巧來(lái)解決這個(gè)難題。要善于對原文進(jìn)行梳理，分清邏輯層次，迅速抓住主次，對于啰嗦重復的部分，應刪繁就簡(jiǎn)、同義合并;對于邏輯不清的部分，要盡量理出層次和頭緒，并在譯文中體現出來(lái);對于斷句或語(yǔ)意不完整的部分，應首先進(jìn)行句法轉換，并加以補充，力求完整，另外，如果下文接著(zhù)說(shuō)或繼續相關(guān)內容，則應該在下文的翻譯中，做到與此句相呼應，體現上下文的關(guān)聯(lián)性和邏輯關(guān)系。
Interpretation often translates impromptu speech or speech. In impromptu oral expression, due to the limitations of thinking and language level, people often have unnecessary repetition, procrastination, vague language, or broken sentences, unclear levels, chaotic logical relations and other phenomena, which makes it very difficult for translators. Translators should think of exquisite interpretation skills to solve this problem. We should be good at combing the original text, distinguish the logical level, quickly grasp the primary and secondary, and delete the complicated and simplify the repetitive parts and merge the synonyms; For the part with unclear logic, we should try to sort out the level and clue and reflect it in the translation; For the parts with broken sentences or incomplete semantics, syntactic transformation shall be carried out first and supplemented to strive for completeness. In addition, if the relevant content is continued or continued below, it shall echo with this sentence in the following translation to reflect the relevance and logical relationship of the context.
6、講話(huà)人語(yǔ)言不得體
6. The speaker's language is inappropriate
由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的文化背景迥異，思維和表達方式上差異很大，雙語(yǔ)交流時(shí)難免有文化的沖突，漢語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)問(wèn)候譯成英語(yǔ)可能就變成無(wú)理的冒犯;而英語(yǔ)的一句贊揚譯成中文也許會(huì )令人尷尬。譯員應掌握兩種文化背景知識，提高敏感度，在講話(huà)人言語(yǔ)不得體的時(shí)候，要靈活處理，或者略去不譯、或者淡化、或者變通，避免誤解，使交流能順利進(jìn)行，這也是最常用的口譯技巧。
Due to the different cultural backgrounds and different ways of thinking and expression between English and Chinese, it is inevitable that there will be cultural conflicts in bilingual communication. Translating a Chinese greeting into English may become an unreasonable offence; A sentence of praise in English may be embarrassing to translate into Chinese. Translators should master the knowledge of two cultural backgrounds and improve their sensitivity. When the speaker's speech is inappropriate, they should deal with it flexibly, or omit it, or dilute it, or be flexible to avoid misunderstanding and make the communication smooth. This is also the most commonly used interpretation skill.
